Netzlast-Prognose (grid load forecast)
Calibrated probabilistic day-ahead forecast of German grid load (hourly, region DE).
Latest forecast (median, 50/80/90 % intervals)
Data: Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de (CC BY 4.0)
Backtest (pooled)
| Model | crps | mae | mape | cov_50 | cov_80 | cov_90 | width_80 | n_origins |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lgbm_cqr | 1,202 | 1,686 | 3.18 | 0.501 | 0.801 | 0.898 | 5,516 | 730 |
| lgbm_qr | 1,265 | 1,686 | 3.18 | 0.286 | 0.529 | 0.654 | 3,064 | 730 |
| lgbm_cqr_dp | 1,201 | 1,686 | 3.18 | 0.504 | 0.798 | 0.898 | 5,568 | 730 |
| lgbm_aci | 1,202 | 1,686 | 3.18 | 0.502 | 0.803 | 0.902 | 5,568 | 730 |
| lgbm_cqr_wx | 1,130 | 1,583 | 2.98 | 0.501 | 0.800 | 0.898 | 5,226 | 730 |
| mstl_ets | 1,696 | 2,209 | 4.23 | 0.674 | 0.891 | 0.937 | 9,738 | 730 |
| naive_week | 2,071 | 2,782 | 5.29 | 0.487 | 0.774 | 0.863 | 7,961 | 730 |
| naive_day | 4,532 | 6,217 | 11.95 | 0.501 | 0.800 | 0.897 | 22,272 | 730 |
| tso_reference | 1,356 | 1,893 | 3.59 | 0.470 | 0.770 | 0.870 | 5,716 | 730 |
Run test-v1 · 2024-10-01 – 2026-09-30 · git 91470fc764 · store 5a0c9ddb2597 · 694 s
Caveats. The operators' reference is SMARD filter 411, treated here as their day-ahead forecast; that assignment was checked against a single value of the SMARD chart, publication time and vintage are unknown, and the reference may hold information the model does not. The tso_reference quantiles are our own construction from the residuals of the last 56 days, not a forecast by the operators. CRPS is the 19-quantile grid approximation (2/(K+1) times the sum of pinball losses), not the exact integral. The figures come from the pre-registered rolling-origin backtest with a monthly refit (each month scored by the model trained before it) and do not evaluate the served model, which was trained through the end of the test period. lgbm_cqr_wx uses Open-Meteo Previous Runs weather and exists in the backtest only; its comparison with lgbm_cqr covers only the 638 origins from 2025-01-01. The lgbm_cqr_wx table row pooled over all 730 origins is not that comparison: weather exists only from 2024 on and is largely missing in the first months. The store hash shown belongs to a data snapshot that can no longer be reconstructed; the evidence (release assets, checksums) and a digest over the protocol window are in docs/backtest.md. Details: docs/backtest.md
Reliability diagram: nominal against empirical
Data: Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de (CC BY 4.0) · Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0)
PIT histogram lgbm_cqr (flat = calibrated)
Data: Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de (CC BY 4.0) · Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0)
CRPS by local hour
Data: Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de (CC BY 4.0) · Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0)
CRPS by month
Data: Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de (CC BY 4.0) · Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0)
Live forward period: rolling CRPS (28 days)
Preliminary: fewer than eight weeks of scored days. Live numbers are quoted only after that. (0/56)
Method and protocol: repository